Reference ranges are valuable guides for the clinician, but they should not be regarded as absolute indicators of health and disease. Reference ranges should be used with caution, since values for healthy individuals often overlap significantly with values for persons afflicted with disease. In addition, laboratory values may vary significantly because of differences in methodology and mode of instrument standardization. This is especially true for immunological tests, which use antibodies that may have widely different characteristics. As a result, laboratory values in individual institutions may differ from those listed in this manual.
Analyte | Range | Conventional Units | Conversion (mult. by) | SI Units |
---|---|---|---|---|
Serum | ||||
ACTH | 10-50 | pg/mL | 1 | ng/L |
Albumin | 3.3-5.0 | g/dL | 10 | g/L |
Aldosterone: | ||||
- Supine | < 1.6-16 | ng/dL | 0.0277 | nmol/L |
- Upright | 4.0-31 | ng/dL | 0.0277 | nmol/L |
Alkaline phosphatase | 30-130 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
ALT | 10-45 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
Amylase | 30-150 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
Ammonia | 10-35 | µmol/L | 1 | µmol/L |
AST | 10-45 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
Bicarbonate | 22-28 | mEq/L | 1 | mmol/L |
Bilirubin: | ||||
- Total | 0-1.2 | mg/dL | 17.1 | µmol/L |
- Conjugated | 0-0.2 | mg/dL | 17.1 | µmol/L |
C-peptide | 0.9-3.9 | ng/mL | 0.33 | nmol/L |
C-reactive protein | < 0.3 | mg/dL | 10 | mg/L |
Calcium | 8.5-10.4 | mg/dL | 0.25 | mmol/L |
Chloride | 97-107 | mEq/L | 1 | mmol/L |
Cholesterol | 140-220 | mg/dL | 0.026 | mmol/L |
CO2, total | 24-31 | mmol/L | 1 | mmol/L |
- pCO2 (WB, arterial) | 35-48 | mmHg | 1 | mmHg |
Copper: | ||||
- Male | 70-140 | µg/dL | 0.16 | µmol/L |
- Female | 88-155 | µg/dL | 0.16 | µmol/L |
Cortisol: | ||||
- Morning | 6-24 | µg/dL | 27.6 | nmol/L |
- Evening | 3-12 | µg/dL | 27.6 | nmol/L |
Creatine kinase (CK) | 0-200 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
Creatine kinase (MB) | < 6% of total | ng/mL | ||
CK index | < 2.5 | |||
Creatinine | 0.4-1.2 | mg/dL | 88.4 | µmol/L |
Erythrocyte count (male) | 4.3-5.7 x 106 | cells/µL | ||
Differential leukocyte count: | ||||
- Neutrophils, total | 1,800-7,700 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
* bands | 200-2,100 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
* segmented | 1,500-6,700 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
- Eosinophils | 0-700 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
- Basophils | 0-150 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
- Lymphocytes | 1,500-4,000 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
- Monocytes | 200-950 x 102 | cells/µL | ||
Ferritin: | ||||
- Male | 20-250 | ng/mL | 1 | µg/L |
- Female | 10-145 | ng/mL | 1 | µg/L |
Folate | 4-20 | ng/mL | 2.26 | nmol/L |
GGT: | ||||
- Male | <38 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
- Female | <24 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
Glucose | 70-100 | mg/dL | 0.055 | mmol/L |
HDL-cholesterol: | ||||
- Male | > 35 | mg/dL | 0.026 | mmol/L |
- Female | > 45 | mg/dL | 0.026 | mmol/L |
Hematocrit: | ||||
- Male | 40-50 | % vol. | ||
- Female | 37-47 | % vol. | ||
Hemoglobin: | ||||
- Male | 14-18 | g/dL | ||
- Female | 12-16 | g/dL | ||
IBC (total) | 228-428 | µg/dL | 0.18 | µmol/L |
Insulin | 5-35 | µU/mL | 6.95 | pmol/L |
Iron: | ||||
- Male | 65-170 | µg/dL | 0.18 | µmol/L |
- Female | 50-170 | µg/dL | 0.18 | µmol/L |
Lactate | 6.4-16.5 | mg/dL | 0.11 | mmol/L |
Lead | < 10 | µg/dL | 0.048 | µmol/L |
Leukocyte count | 4.5-11.0 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
Lipase | 20-250 | U/L | 1 | U/L |
Lithium | 0.5-1.5 | mEq/L | 1.0 | mmol/L |
Magnesium | 1.7-2.6 | mg/dL | 0.41 | mmol/L |
Myoglobin | < 100 | ng/mL | ||
Osmolality | 275-298 | mOsm/kg | 1 | mOsm/kg |
pCO2 (WB, arterial) | 35-45 | mmHg | 1 | mmHg |
pH (WB, arterial) | 7.35-7.45 | |||
Phosphate | 2.5-4.5 | mg/dL | 0.32 | mmol/L |
Platelet count | 150-450,000 | cells/µL | ||
pO2 (WB, arterial) | 85-108 | mmHg | 1 | mmHg |
Potassium | 3.5-5.0 | mEq/L | 1 | mmol/L |
Protein (Total) | 6.0-8.0 | g/dL | 10 | g/L |
Red cell (erythrocyte) count: | ||||
- Male | 4.7-6.1 x 106 | cells/µL | ||
- Female | 4.2-5.7 x 106 | cells/µL | ||
Sodium | 135-145 | mEq/L | 1 | mmol/L |
Testosterone: | ||||
- Male | 185-650 | ng/dL | 3.47 | nmol/L |
- Female | 10-75 | ng/dL | 3.47 | nmol/L |
Thyroxine: | ||||
- total T4 | 4.5-10.5 | µg/dL | 12.9 | nmol/L |
- free T4 | 0.9-2.1 | ng/dL | 12.9 | nmol/L |
Transferrin: | ||||
- Male | 187-318 | mg/dL | 0.01 | g/L |
- Female | 218-331 | mg/dL | 0.01 | g/L |
Triglycerides | 30-300 | mg/dL | 0.0113 | mmol/L |
Triodothyronine: | ||||
- total T3 | 65-180 | ng/dL | 0.0154 | mmol/L |
- free T3 | 0.1-0.3 | ng/dL | 0.0154 | mmol/L |
TSH | 0.35-5.5 | mU/L | 1 | mU/L |
Urea (urea nitrogen) | 8-18 | mg/dL | 0.36 | mmol/L |
Uric acid: | ||||
- Male | 3.6-7.5 | mg/dL | 59.48 | µmol/L |
- Female | 3.6-6.4 | mg/dL | 59.48 | µmol/L |
Vitamin B12 | 210-1020 | pg/mL | 0.738 | pmol/L |
Vitamin D: | ||||
- 25 OH-D | 15-57 | ng/mL | 2.5 | mmol/L |
- 1,25(OH)2-D | 15-50 | pg/mL | 2.4 | pmol/L |
White blood cell count (WBC; leukocyte) | 4-10,000 x 103 | cells/µL | ||
Zinc: | ||||
- Male | 75-291 | µg/dL | 0.1530 | µmol/L |
- Female | 65-256 | µg/dL | 0.1530 | µmol/L |
Urine | ||||
Aldosterone (dependent on Na intake) | 6-25 | µg/24h | 2.77 | nmol/d |
Calcium (diet dependent) | 100-250 | mg/24h | 0.025 | mmol/d |
Catecholamines: | ||||
- Epinephrine | 0-25 | µg/24h | 5.46 | nmol/d |
- Norepinephrine | 0-100 | µg/24h | 5.91 | nmol/d |
Cortisol, free | 20-90 | µg/24h | 2.76 | nmol/d |
Creatinine: | ||||
- Male | 1-2 | g/24h | 8.84 | mmol/d |
- Female | 1-1.8 | g/24h | 8.84 | mmol/d |
Creatinine clearance | 90-125 | mL/min | 1.0 | mL/min |
5 HIAA | 3-15 | mg/24h | 5.2 | µmol/d |
Metanephrine | 30-350 | µg/24h | 5.458 | nmol/d |
Oxalate: | ||||
- Male | 7-44 | mg/24h | 11.4 | µmol/L |
- Female | 4-31 | mg/24h | 11.4 | µmol/L |
Phosphate | 0.4-1.0 | g/24h | 32.3 | mmol/L |
Urea (urea nitrogen) | 10-20 | g/24h | 35.7 | mmol/d |